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Endoscopy

These tests use a flexible lighted tube (endoscope) with a video camera on the end. The camera is connected to a monitor, which lets the doctor see any masses in the lining of the digestive organs clearly. If abnormal areas are found, small pieces of tissue can be removed through the endoscope (biopsy). The tissue can be looked at under the microscope to find out what kind of tissue it is and to see if cancer is present.  

 

 

Upper endoscopy (EGD)

​T​he endoscope is passed down through the mouth to show the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small bowel. The procedure usually takes 15 to 30 minutes. If you are sedated for the procedure, you will need someone to take you home. This test is also known as esophogogastroduodenoscopy or EGD. Most patients are given intravenous medicine or anesthesia to make them feel relaxed and sleepy during this procedure.An upper endoscopy may be done in an outpatient ambulatory surgery center or a hospital outpatient department.

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Lower Endoscopy (Colonoscopy)

A special endoscope known as a colonoscope is inserted through the anus up into the colon. Using the colonoscope, the doctor will be able to see the lining of the entire rectum and colon. For a clear view though, the colon must be completely cleaned out before the test. This usually means drinking a large volume of a laxative solution the night before the exam (and then spending much of the night on the toilet). Sometimes an enema is also needed just before the procedure to make sure the bowels are empty.

You will be given intravenous medicine or anesthesia to make you feel relaxed and sleepy during the procedure. A colonoscopy can be done in a hospital outpatient department, in a clinic, or in a doctor's office. It usually takes 15 to 30 minutes, although it may take longer if a tumor is seen and/or a biopsy taken. Because medicine is given to make you sleepy for the procedure, you will need someone with you to take you home (not just a cab). This test is also called lower endoscopy.



​ERCP
The endoscope (duodenoscope) is passed down through the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small bowel. A catheter is inserted into the bile ducts and/or the pancreas ducts to visualize the biliary and/or pancreas anatomy.  If there are stones or strictures or other pathology, treatment can be rendered in various ways such as making a cut, using a balloon, or inserting a plastic stent (tube).  The procedure usually takes up to 30 minutes. If you are sedated for the procedure, you will need someone to take you home. This test is also known as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or ERCP. Most patients are given intravenous medicine or anesthesia to make them feel relaxed and sleepy during this procedure. An ERCP is done in a hospital outpatient department.​

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Capsule endoscopy
Unfortunately, neither upper nor lower endoscopy can reach all areas of the small intestine, where many carcinoid tumors begin. A technique known as capsule endoscopy may help in some cases. This test doesn't really use an endoscope. Instead, the patient swallows a capsule (about the size of a large vitamin pill) that contains a light source and a very small camera. Like any other pill, the capsule goes through the stomach and into the small intestine. As it travels (usually over a period of about 8 hours), it takes over 55,000  pictures. These images are transmitted electronically to a device worn around the person's waist, while he or she goes on with normal daily activities. The pictures can then be downloaded onto a computer, where the doctor can watch them as a video. The capsule passes out of the body during a normal bowel movement and is discarded. Capsule endoscopy is performed in the doctor’s office.



Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
This test uses an endoscope with a small ultrasound probe on the end. This probe releases sound waves and then detects the echoes that bounce off tissues of the digestive tract wall. A computer then translates the pattern of echoes into an image of the wall of the esophagus, stomach, intestine, or rectum. Putting the ultrasound probe on the end of an endoscope lets it get very close to the tumor. Because the probe is close to the area being studied, it can make very detailed pictures. EUS can be used to see how deeply a tumor has grown into the wall of the esophagus, stomach, intestine, or rectum. Endoscopic ultrasound can also help see if certain lymph nodes are enlarged and help a doctor guide a needle into lymph node, tumor, or other suspicious area to do a biopsy. This procedure is done after the patient is given intravenous medicine or anesthesia to make him or her sleepy, so you will need someone to take you home after this procedure. An EUS is done in a hospital outpatient department

 

Hemmorrhoid Banding with the CRH O'Regan System 

This procedure is Painless!, 99.1% effective, No preparation and sedation required, you can return to work the same day, quick-performed in as little as 60 seconds, treats internal hemorrhoids and external sympotms, most patients require 3 appointments-1 every two weeks.